{"id":243945,"date":"2021-10-28T00:11:25","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T00:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/?p=243945"},"modified":"2025-04-10T14:41:04","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T13:41:04","slug":"how-long-will-my-arduino-project-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/de\/how-long-will-my-arduino-project-work\/","title":{"rendered":"How long will my Arduino project work?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:3em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><strong>The TLDR: Too busy to read? Here's a quick summary of article<\/strong>\n\n<strong>FMEDA of Arduino power supply stage:<\/strong> The article presents a Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis (FMEDA) of the power supply module of an Arduino\u2122 UNO Rev3 to evaluate its design robustness and estimate its lifespan when powered continuously. \n\n<strong>Results: <\/strong>The results show that a component failure affecting the operation of this board\u2019s stage is very rare (approximately every 1400 years), while the system's safe failure fraction is approximately 58%. Based on this information, the article estimates that the Arduino's power supply stage could qualify for SIL 2 (Safety Integreity Level). \n\n<strong>Recommendation: <\/strong>The article recommends using the power jack and USB together for the board's supply to minimize the risk of Arduino power interruption.<\/pre>\n\n\n<div role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis\" class=\"simpletoc wp-block-simpletoc-toc\"><h2 style=\"margin: 0;\"><button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"simpletoc-content-container\" class=\"simpletoc-collapsible\">Contents<span class=\"simpletoc-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/button><\/h2><div id=\"simpletoc-content-container\" class=\"simpletoc-content\"><ul class=\"simpletoc-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#powering-input-specificationnbspand-modelingnbsp\">Powering input specification&nbsp;and modeling&nbsp;<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#failure-mode-effectsnbsp\">Failure mode effects&nbsp;<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#failure-modesnbspeffectsnbspand-diagnosticnbspanalysisnbsp\">Failure modes&nbsp;effects&nbsp;and diagnostic&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusionnbsp\">Conclusion&nbsp;<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#additional-resources\">Additional Resources<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">An Arduino is a good&nbsp;starting&nbsp;point for learning electronics&nbsp;or prototyping.&nbsp;Indeed, the board was designed to provide an inexpensive and easy way for hobbyists,&nbsp;students,&nbsp;and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators <a href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a>.&nbsp;Among other things, the simplicity of use of an Arduino&nbsp;is remarkable for its powering options: the board can be supplied by a power jack or directly by the USB&nbsp;port&nbsp;used&nbsp;to program the board.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e8b6e1d38cf&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e8b6e1d38cf\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"379\" height=\"209\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-243953\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image.png 379w, https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-210x116.png 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 379px) 100vw, 379px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Vergr\u00f6\u00dfern\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>&nbsp;Figure 1: Arduino power supply PCB&nbsp;<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the Arduino&nbsp;power selector&nbsp;stage&nbsp;ensures&nbsp;protection against simultaneous powering, the components&nbsp;of this stage are not spared by wear&nbsp;and construction defaults.&nbsp;In this article,  Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis  (FMEDA) of the power supply module of an Arduino\u2122 UNO Rev3 is presented to assess its design&#8217;s robustness and estimate its&nbsp;lifetime&nbsp;when being uninterruptedly powered. The following analysis is&nbsp;based on the process industry standard for the functional safety of&nbsp;electrical, electronic, and programmable systems (E\/E\/PS)&nbsp;systems:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IEC 62061&nbsp;for components failure&nbsp;modes;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SN 29500 (Siemens\u2019s&nbsp;standard) for components failure&nbsp;rates;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IEC 61508&nbsp;for the application&nbsp;of the above-mentioned standards&nbsp;and the&nbsp;SIL determination.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"powering-input-specificationnbspand-modelingnbsp\">Powering input specification and modeling <\/h2>\n\n\n<p>The Arduino\u2122 UNO Rev3 can be powered via:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the power jack with a [7.00; 12.00] V voltage (datasheet recommended voltage);&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or the USB port with a [4.40; 5.25] V voltage (USB min\/max power pin voltage).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>When supplied simultaneously by a power jack and USB,&nbsp;the Arduino board will favor the power jack input voltage to supply the&nbsp;board.&nbsp;The input power selection is made&nbsp;through the use of&nbsp;the T1 MOSFET and U1 comparator (see Figure&nbsp;2).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A 500mA fuse (F1) is connected to the USB power pin to protect the board from overcurrent.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e8b6e1d4381&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e8b6e1d4381\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"483\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-1024x483.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-243954\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-1024x483.png 1024w, https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-980x462.png 980w, https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-480x226.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Vergr\u00f6\u00dfern\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <strong>Figure&nbsp;2: Arduino power selector stage circuit plan<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A visual indication of the board being powered is given to the user through the lightning of a green light emitting diode (ON&nbsp;LED).&nbsp;The overall system behavior is summed up below:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Power jack port<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Power USB port<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>+5V voltage<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>+3.3V voltage<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>ON diode<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[7.00; 12.00] V&nbsp;<\/td><td><em>Disconnected<\/em>&nbsp;<\/td><td>~5V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~3.3V&nbsp;<\/td><td>ON&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Disconnected<\/em>&nbsp;<\/td><td>[4.40; 5.25] V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~5V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~3.3V&nbsp;<\/td><td>ON&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[7.00; 12.00] V&nbsp;<\/td><td>[4.40; 5.25] V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~5V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~3.3V&nbsp;<\/td><td>ON&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Disconnected<\/em>&nbsp;<\/td><td><em>Disconnected<\/em>&nbsp;<\/td><td>0V&nbsp;<\/td><td>0V&nbsp;<\/td><td>OFF&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The power supply stage of the Arduino\u2122 UNO Rev3 has been modeled and simulated using&nbsp;LTspice\u00ae, a SPICE simulation software provided by&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.analog.com\/en\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Analog Devices<\/a>. The circuit model (see&nbsp;Figure&nbsp;2) was&nbsp;built from&nbsp;the circuit diagram provided by the Arduino company <a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Load resistances (Rload_P5V0 and Rload_P3V3) have been added to the +5V and +3.3V output of the circuit to model the impedance of the circuit to which the Arduino power supply stage is connected.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"failure-mode-effectsnbsp\">Failure mode effects <\/h2>\n\n\n<p>The effects of the component failure mode on the system are&nbsp;associated with a criticality (safe or dangerous):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The safe effects: It will result in a minor functional default but won\u2019t prevent&nbsp;the&nbsp;Arduino board&nbsp;from working autonomously.&nbsp;For&nbsp;instance,&nbsp;an erroneous indication of the ON diode is not considered as dangerous.&nbsp;Melting&nbsp;of the&nbsp;fuse&nbsp;F1 is considered safe since it does not prevent the board from being powered (in such a case, the&nbsp;power jack&nbsp;can still be used).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The dangerous effects: It will endanger the integrity of the board and may&nbsp;entail&nbsp;dangerous situations&nbsp;for the user.&nbsp;For instance, the overcurrent of the ON diode or overvoltage of the integrated circuits is considered as dangerous.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In total, a list of 8 effects&nbsp;are&nbsp;tracked:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>S. No.<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>System effect<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Description&nbsp;(Example of induced treat)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Criticality<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>ON LED stuck off&nbsp;<\/td><td>The ON LED is always off.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Safe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>ON LED destruction by overcurrent&nbsp;<\/td><td>The ON LED is destroyed by overcurrent&nbsp;(Risk of fire).&nbsp;<\/td><td><em>Dangerous&nbsp;<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Fuse&nbsp;melting&nbsp;<\/td><td>The fuse F1&nbsp;melts because of&nbsp;overcurrent.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Safe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>+5V output low when board powered&nbsp;<\/td><td>The +5V output of the power supply stage is low when the Arduino board is correctly supplied by Jack and\/or USB.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Safe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>+5V output overvoltage&nbsp;<\/td><td>The +5V output of the power supply stage is too high, which may damage the Arduino board (Risk of fire or destruction of the Arduino board).<\/td><td><em>Dangerous&nbsp;<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>+3.3V output low when board powered&nbsp;<\/td><td>The +3.3V output of the power supply stage is low when the Arduino board is correctly supplied by Jack and\/or USB.<\/td><td>Safe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>+3.3V output overvoltage&nbsp;<\/td><td>The +3.3V output of the power supply stage is too high, which may damage the Arduino board&nbsp;(Risk of fire or destruction of the Arduino board).&nbsp;<\/td><td><em>Dangerous&nbsp;<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>5V voltage regulator (NCP1117) incorrect supply&nbsp;<\/td><td>The NCP1117 voltage regulator is supplied out of its recommended input voltage range [6.50; 12.00] V&nbsp;(Risk of fire or destruction of the component).&nbsp;<\/td><td><em>Dangerous&nbsp;<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"failure-modesnbspeffectsnbspand-diagnosticnbspanalysisnbsp\">Failure modes effects and diagnostic analysis <\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Over the 74 failure possible modes listed for the Arduino\u2019s power supply stage,&nbsp;40&nbsp;are found to lead to system effects, among which&nbsp;12&nbsp;are considered dangerous.&nbsp;The study of 46 of the failure mode effects&nbsp;was automated, leading to an automation rate of 62%.&nbsp;A view of the FMEDA sheet generated during this study is given in&nbsp;Figure&nbsp;3&nbsp;(please contact&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"mailto:support@modelwise.ai?subject=Requesting%20detailed%20FMEDA%20sheet%20for%20Arduino%20UNO%20Rev3\" target=\"_blank\">support@modelwise.ai<\/a>&nbsp;for the detailed FMEDA result sheet).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e8b6e1d5ed0&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e8b6e1d5ed0\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"949\" height=\"257\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2.png\" alt=\"FMEDA sheet generated for the study of the Arduino\u2019s power supply stage safety analysis\" class=\"wp-image-243955\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2.png 949w, https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-480x130.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 949px, 100vw\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Vergr\u00f6\u00dfern\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 3: View of the FMEDA sheet generated for the study of the Arduino\u2019s power supply stage safety analysis<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on&nbsp;the above-cited&nbsp;norm&nbsp;and&nbsp;the provided circuit,&nbsp;a safe failure fraction (SFF) higher than&nbsp;58%&nbsp;is found for the Arduino power supply stage,&nbsp;while the system is expected to fail around every&nbsp;1375&nbsp;years, as highlighted in the table below:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/sff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Safe&nbsp;Failure&nbsp;Fraction&nbsp;(SFF)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/a><\/td><td>58.35%&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u202f&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Safety Function Failure Rate [1\/h]<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>7.90E-08&nbsp;<\/td><td>FIT:&nbsp;79&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Device&nbsp;Failure&nbsp;Rate [1\/h]<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>8.30E-08&nbsp;<\/td><td>FIT:&nbsp;83&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/mtbf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) <\/a>[h]<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>1.20E+07&nbsp;<\/td><td>1375&nbsp;years&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>More precisely,&nbsp;we found that&nbsp;the dangerous effects are mostly brought by the failure modes of the&nbsp;fuse (approx.&nbsp;68%), followed by&nbsp;the&nbsp;5V&nbsp;voltage regulator (approx. 14%) and&nbsp;the&nbsp;operational amplifier&nbsp;(approx.&nbsp;7%)&nbsp;as depicted below:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e8b6e1d6d31&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e8b6e1d6d31\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"256\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-243956\" srcset=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3.png 475w, https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-215x116.png 215w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Vergr\u00f6\u00dfern\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <strong>Figure&nbsp;4: Component importance to dangerous effects<\/strong>&nbsp; <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the dangerous failure rate of the system (34.6 FIT = (1- SFF)*Device Failure Rate) is good enough to pretend to be the <a href=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/sil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Safety Integrity Level (SIL)<\/a> of class 3 or 4, its safe failure fraction is too low for such a qualification assuming a hardware fault tolerance (HFT) of 0. Indeed, for a 0 HFT, SIL 3 requires an SFF of at least 90%, which leads the Arduino power supply stage to qualify for SIL 2.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusionnbsp\">Conclusion <\/h2>\n\n\n<p>The Failure Modes,&nbsp;Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis (FMEDA) presented in this study aimed to assess the robustness and lifetime of the Arduino\u2122 UNO Rev3 power supply stage. The investigation performed&nbsp;in&nbsp;this study aimed to explore the system\u2019s design, assuming single points of failure and helped us to identify the main contributors to dangerous effects.&nbsp;From these results, we were&nbsp;led to conclude that a component failure affecting the operation of this board\u2019s stage is very rare (roughly&nbsp;every&nbsp;1400&nbsp;years),&nbsp;while the system\u2019s&nbsp;safe failure fraction&nbsp;is approximately&nbsp;58%. Regarding&nbsp;this information, we&nbsp;estimated&nbsp;that&nbsp;Arduino\u2019s power supply stage&nbsp;could&nbsp;qualify&nbsp;for&nbsp;SIL 2.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As visible in&nbsp;Figure&nbsp;4, the&nbsp;F1 fuse of the system is the most problematic component for the Arduino powering&nbsp;for&nbsp;the slow&nbsp;and&nbsp;fail-to-open failure modes&nbsp;due to overcurrent.&nbsp;We recommend using the power jack and USB conjointly for the board\u2019s supply to reduce the risk of Arduino powering interruption.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Comments, suggestions? Brickbats, bouquets? Please send your feedback to <a href=\"mailto:editor@modelwise.ai?subject=Feedback%20regarding%20%22How%20long%20will%20my%20Arduino%20project%20work%3F%22%20article\" data-type=\"mailto\" data-id=\"mailto:editor@modelwise.ai?subject=Feedback%20regarding%20%22How%20long%20will%20my%20Arduino%20project%20work%3F%22%20article\">our editor<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"additional-resources\">Additional Resources<\/h2>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"referencesnbsp\">References <\/h5>\n\n\n<p id=\"1\">[1] Louis, Leo. (2018). Working Principle of Arduino and Using it as a Tool for Study and Research. International Journal of Control, Automation, Communication and Systems.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"2\">[2] Arduino.cc. 2023.&nbsp;<em>Arduino &#8211;&nbsp;ArduinoBoardUno<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/en\/Main\/arduinoBoardUno\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/en\/Main\/arduinoBoardUno<\/a> [Accessed 25 October 2023].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"3\">[3] Arduino.cc. 2023.&nbsp;<em>Arduino UNO Rev3 circuit schematics<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.arduino.cc\/resources\/schematics\/A000066-schematics.pdf\">UNO-TH_Rev3e.sch (arduino.cc)<\/a> [Accessed 25 October 2023].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article, a failure\u00a0mode\u00a0and diagnostic analysis (FMEDA) of the power supply module of an Arduino\u2122 UNO Rev3 is presented in order to assess\u00a0the robustness of its design and estimate its\u00a0lifetime\u00a0when being uninterruptedly powered.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":244619,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"50px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:simpletoc\/toc {\"no_title\":true,\"add_smooth\":true,\"use_absolute_urls\":true,\"max_level\":5} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"dropCap\":true} -->\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Having an Arduino is a very good&nbsp;starting&nbsp;point for learning electronics&nbsp;or prototyping.&nbsp;Indeed, the board was designed to provide an inexpensive and easy way for hobbyists,&nbsp;students,&nbsp;and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators <a href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a>.&nbsp;Among other things, the simplicity of use of an Arduino&nbsp;is remarkable for its powering options: the board can be supplied by a power jack or directly by the USB&nbsp;port&nbsp;used&nbsp;to program the board.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"center\",\"id\":243953,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-243953\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>&nbsp;Figure 1: Arduino power supply PCB&nbsp;<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although the Arduino&nbsp;power selector&nbsp;stage&nbsp;ensures&nbsp;protection against simultaneous powering, the components&nbsp;of this stage are not spared by wear&nbsp;and construction defaults.&nbsp;In this article, a failure&nbsp;mode&nbsp;and diagnostic analysis (FMEDA) of the power supply module of an Arduino\u2122 UNO Rev3 is presented in order to assess&nbsp;the robustness of its design and estimate its&nbsp;lifetime&nbsp;when being uninterruptedly powered. The following analysis is&nbsp;based on the process industry standard for the functional safety of&nbsp;electrical, electronic, and programmable systems (E\/E\/PS)&nbsp;systems:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>IEC 62061&nbsp;for components failure&nbsp;modes;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>SN29500 (Siemens\u2019s&nbsp;standard) for components failure&nbsp;rates;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>IEC 61508&nbsp;for the application&nbsp;of the above-mentioned standards&nbsp;and the&nbsp;SIL determination.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":1} -->\n<h1>Powering input specification&nbsp;and modeling&nbsp;<\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Arduino\u2122 UNO Rev3 can be powered via:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the power jack with a [7.00; 12.00] V voltage (datasheet recommended voltage);&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>or the USB port with a [4.40; 5.25] V voltage (USB min\/max power pin voltage).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When supplied simultaneously by a power jack and USB,&nbsp;the Arduino board will favor the power jack input voltage to supply the&nbsp;board.&nbsp;The selection of the input power is made&nbsp;through the use of&nbsp;the T1 MOSFET and U1 comparator (see figure&nbsp;above).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A 500mA fuse is connected to the USB power pin to protect the board from overcurrent.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"center\",\"id\":243954,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-1024x483.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-243954\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <strong>Figure&nbsp;2: Arduino power selector stage circuit plan<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A visual indication of the board being powered is given to the user through the lightning of a green light emitting diode (ON&nbsp;LED).&nbsp;The overall system behavior is summed up below:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":true,\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Power jack port<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Power USB port<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>+5V voltage<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>+3.3V voltage<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>ON diode<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[7.00; 12.00] V&nbsp;<\/td><td><em>Disconnected<\/em>&nbsp;<\/td><td>~5V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~3.3V&nbsp;<\/td><td>ON&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Disconnected<\/em>&nbsp;<\/td><td>[4.40; 5.25] V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~5V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~3.3V&nbsp;<\/td><td>ON&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>[7.00; 12.00] V&nbsp;<\/td><td>[4.40; 5.25] V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~5V&nbsp;<\/td><td>~3.3V&nbsp;<\/td><td>ON&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Disconnected<\/em>&nbsp;<\/td><td><em>Disconnected<\/em>&nbsp;<\/td><td>0V&nbsp;<\/td><td>0V&nbsp;<\/td><td>OFF&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The power supply stage of the Arduino\u2122 UNO Rev3 has been modeled and simulated using&nbsp;LTspice\u00ae, a SPICE simulation software provided by&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.analog.com\/en\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Analog Devices<\/a>. The circuit model (see&nbsp;Figure&nbsp;2) was&nbsp;built from&nbsp;the circuit diagram provided by the Arduino company <a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Load resistances (Rload_P5V0 and Rload_P3V3) have been added to the +5V and +3.3V output of the circuit to model the impedance of the circuit to which the Arduino power supply stage is connected.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":1} -->\n<h1>Failure mode effects&nbsp;<\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The effects of the component failure mode on the system are&nbsp;associated with a criticality (safe or dangerous):&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the safe effects: will result in minor functional default but won\u2019t prevent&nbsp;the&nbsp;Arduino board&nbsp;to work autonomously.&nbsp;For&nbsp;instance,&nbsp;an erroneous indication of the ON diode is not considered as dangerous.&nbsp;Melting&nbsp;of the&nbsp;fuse&nbsp;F1 is considered as safe since it does not prevent the board to be powered (in such a case, the&nbsp;power jack&nbsp;can still be used).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>the dangerous effects: will endanger the integrity of the board and may&nbsp;entail&nbsp;dangerous situations&nbsp;for the user.&nbsp;For instance, the overcurrent of the ON diode or overvoltage of the integrated circuits is considered as dangerous.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In total, a list of 8 effects&nbsp;is&nbsp;tracked:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>System effect<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Description&nbsp;(Example of induced treat)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Criticality<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ON LED stuck off&nbsp;<\/td><td>The ON LED is always off.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Safe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ON LED destruction by overcurrent&nbsp;<\/td><td>The ON LED is destroyed by overcurrent&nbsp;(Risk of fire).&nbsp;<\/td><td>Dangerous&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fuse&nbsp;melting&nbsp;<\/td><td>The fuse F1&nbsp;melts because of&nbsp;overcurrent.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Safe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>+5V output low when board powered&nbsp;<\/td><td>The +5V output of the power supply stage is low when the Arduino board is correctly supplied by Jack or\/and USB.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Safe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>+5V output overvoltage&nbsp;<\/td><td>The +5V output of the power supply stage is too high that may damage the Arduino board. (Risk of fire or destruction of the Arduino board)&nbsp;<\/td><td>Dangerous&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>+3.3V output low when board powered&nbsp;<\/td><td>The +3.3V output of the power supply stage is low when the Arduino board is correctly supplied by Jack or\/and USB.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Safe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>+3.3V output overvoltage&nbsp;<\/td><td>The +3.3V output of the power supply stage is too high that may damage the Arduino board.&nbsp;(Risk of fire or destruction of the Arduino board)&nbsp;<\/td><td>Dangerous&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5V voltage regulator (NCP1117) incorrect supply&nbsp;<\/td><td>The NCP1117 voltage regulator is supplied out of its recommended input voltage range [6.50; 12.00] V.&nbsp;(Risk of fire or destruction of the component)&nbsp;<\/td><td>Dangerous&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":\"25px\"} -->\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":1} -->\n<h1>Failure modes&nbsp;effects&nbsp;and diagnostic&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;<\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Over the 74 failure possible modes we listed for the Arduino\u2019s power supply stage,&nbsp;40&nbsp;are found to lead to system effects, among which&nbsp;12&nbsp;are considered dangerous.&nbsp;The study of 46 of the failure mode effects&nbsp;was automated, leading to an automation rate of 62%.&nbsp;A view of the FMEDA sheet generated during this study is given in&nbsp;Figure&nbsp;03&nbsp;(please contact&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/insafeai-my.sharepoint.com\/personal\/hadrien_tournaire_modelwise_ai\/Documents\/Microsoft%20Teams-Chatdateien\/support@modelwise.ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">support@modelwise.ai<\/a>&nbsp;for the detailed FMEDA result sheet).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Based on&nbsp;the above-cited&nbsp;norm&nbsp;and&nbsp;the provided circuit,&nbsp;a safe failure fraction (SFF) higher than&nbsp;58%&nbsp;is found for the Arduino power supply stage&nbsp;while the system is expected to fail around every&nbsp;1375&nbsp;years as highlighted in the table below:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table {\"className\":\"is-style-stripes\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Safe&nbsp;Failure&nbsp;Fraction&nbsp;(SFF)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>58.35%&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u202f&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Safety Function Failure Rate [1\/h]<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>7.90E-08&nbsp;<\/td><td>FIT:&nbsp;79&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Device&nbsp;Failure&nbsp;Rate [1\/h]<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>8.30E-08&nbsp;<\/td><td>FIT:&nbsp;83&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) [h]<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>1.20E+07&nbsp;<\/td><td>1375&nbsp;years&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>More precisely,&nbsp;we found that&nbsp;the dangerous effects are mostly brought by the failure modes of the&nbsp;fuse (approx.&nbsp;68%), followed by&nbsp;the&nbsp;5V&nbsp;voltage regulator (approx. 14%) and&nbsp;the&nbsp;operational amplifier&nbsp;(approx.&nbsp;7%)&nbsp;as depicted below:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"center\",\"id\":243956,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-243956\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <strong>Figure&nbsp;4: Component importance to dangerous effects<\/strong>&nbsp; <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Although the dangerous failure rate of the system (34.6 FIT = (1- SFF)*Device Failure Rate) is good enough to pretend to be the safety integrity level (SIL) of class 3 or 4, its safe failure fraction is too low for such a qualification assuming a hardware fault tolerance (HFT) of 0. Indeed, for a 0 HFT, SIL 3 requires an SFF of at least 90% which leads the Arduino power supply stage to qualify for SIL 2.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":1} -->\n<h1>Conclusion&nbsp;<\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The failure modes&nbsp;effects and diagnostic analysis presented in this study aimed at accessing the robustness and lifetime of the Arduino UNO Rev3 power supply stage. The investigation performed&nbsp;in&nbsp;this study aimed at exploring the system\u2019s design assuming single points of failure and helped us to identify the main contributors to dangerous effects.&nbsp;From these results, we were&nbsp;led to the conclusion that a component failure affecting the&nbsp;operation&nbsp;of this board\u2019s stage&nbsp;is very rare (roughly&nbsp;every&nbsp;1400&nbsp;years)&nbsp;while the system\u2019s&nbsp;safe failure fraction&nbsp;is approximately&nbsp;58%. Regarding&nbsp;this information, we&nbsp;estimated&nbsp;that&nbsp;Arduino\u2019s power supply stage&nbsp;could&nbsp;qualify&nbsp;for&nbsp;SIL2.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As visible in\u00a0Figure\u00a04, the\u00a0F1 fuse of the system is the most problematic component for the Arduino powering\u00a0for\u00a0the slow\u00a0and\u00a0fail-to-open failure modes\u00a0due to overcurrent.\u00a0To reduce the risk of Arduino powering interruption, we recommend using the power jack\u00a0and USB conjointly\u00a0for the board\u2019s supply.\u00a0<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"className\":\"is-style-wide\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comments, suggestions? Brickbats, bouquets? Please send your feedback to <a href=\"mailto:admin@modelwise.ai?subject=Feedback%20for%20%22How%20long%20will%20my%20Arduino%20project%20work%3F%22%20article\">our editor<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3>References&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p id=\"1\">[1] Louis, Leo. (2018). Working Principle of Arduino and Using it as a Tool for Study and Research. International Journal of Control, Automation, Communication and Systems.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p id=\"2\">[2] Arduino.cc. 2021.&nbsp;<em>Arduino -&nbsp;ArduinoBoardUno<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/en\/Main\/arduinoBoardUno&amp;gt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/en\/Main\/arduinoBoardUno&amp;gt<\/a>;[Accessed 5 July 2021].&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p id=\"3\">[3] Arduino.cc. 2021.&nbsp;<em>Arduino UNO Rev3 circuit schematics<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.arduino.cc\/static\/c1593a4c4960ff7b51d1083cb8e45812\/schematics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/docs.arduino.cc\/static\/c1593a4c4960ff7b51d1083cb8e45812\/schematics.pdf<\/a> [Accessed 5 July 2021].&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","_et_gb_content_width":"","content-type":"blog-post","footnotes":""},"categories":[133],"tags":[39,41,40,44,42,45,43],"class_list":["post-243945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech-takes","tag-arduino","tag-e-e-ps","tag-fmeda","tag-iec-61508","tag-iec-62061","tag-lifetime-estimation","tag-sn-29500"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How long will my Arduino project work?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Concerned about your Arduino project&#039;s lifespan? Discover factors affecting its longevity and tips to maximize its life!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/modelwise.ai\/de\/how-long-will-my-arduino-project-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How long will my Arduino project work?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Concerned about your Arduino project&#039;s lifespan? 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